Rulings
What are the penalties for breaking the rules of ihram?
A sacrifice (damm) or charity (sadaqah) may become due, depending on what was done and how much. They must be paid within the Haram, and a scholar should confirm the amount for your case.
A sheep or goat (damm)
Due for perfume covering a full limb, hair dye or henna, oil covering a full limb, stitched clothing or a covered head for a full day (brothers), shaving a quarter of the head or more, shaving body hair, cutting the nails of a full hand or foot in one sitting, and leaving out a wajib act.
A cow or camel
Due for performing tawaf while in need of a full bath (ghusl).
Charity (sadaqah)
Half a sa' of wheat (about 1.6 kg) or its value, is due for perfume on less than a full limb, stitched clothing or a covered head for less than a day, shaving less than a quarter of the head, and cutting a single nail or someone else's nails.
Other cases
The value of the animal, set by two upright local men, is due for killing an animal or hunting in the Haram. For a small insect, a small charity of your choice is due. A choice of a sheep or goat, feeding six poor people three sa' of food (about 9.6 kg), or fasting three days is allowed when perfume, shaving or stitched clothing was needed for a valid reason. See what is forbidden in ihram.
More questions
Do penalties apply to mistakes?
Even by mistake or forgetfulness, the Hanafi school still sets a consequence.
Where is a sacrifice paid?
Within the Haram.
Who confirms the amount?
A scholar, as the details depend on the case.
Read the full guide
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This guide follows the Hanafi method and is based on Shaykh Mufti Wajid Iqbal's Umrah book, Essential Islam. For your own situation, ask a qualified scholar.